ABSTRACT
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening collaborative prevention and control of public health emergencies has become an important element of social governance. In the process of collaborative prevention and control of public health emergencies, there is a complex game relationship among government agencies, the Internet media and the general public. In order to explore the evolution process of participants' behavioral strategies, a trilateral evolutionary game model is constructed, and a system dynamics approach is further adopted to simulate the heterogeneous effect of different initial strategies and epidemic spread probability on the evolution of strategies. The results show that the tripartite equilibrium strategies are (0,0,0), (1,1,1), and (0,1,1) during the early stage, outbreak stage, and resumption stage of COVID-19, respectively. Then, taking the resumption stage as an example, the system strategy will eventually stabilize at the equilibrium point (0,1,1) when the initial probabilities of these three subjects are all equal to 0.2, 0.5 or 0.8. When the initial probability of Internet media is set to be 0.2, the public's strategies converge faster than government agencies. As the initial probability of Internet media increases to 0.5 or 0.8, the convergence time of government agencies will be shortened from 40 weeks to 29 weeks or 18 weeks, whereas the opposite is true for the general publicWhen the epidemic spread probability p2=0.5, government agencies reach the equilibrium strategy after 20 weeks. As p2 increases to 0.7 and 0.9, the convergence time of government agencies becomes 27 weeks and 31 weeks, and the Internet media and the general public will converge more quickly toward the stable strategy. This paper links the theoretical study with the realistic prevention and control of COVID-19 to provide decision-making support and policy recommendations for the scientific prevention, and contributes to the sustainable development of society.
ABSTRACT
Tracer gas experiments were conducted in a 158 m3 room with overhead supply diffusers to study dispersion of contaminants from simulated speaking in physically distanced meeting and classroom configurations. The room was contained within a 237 m3 cell with open plenum return to the HVAC system. Heated manikins at desks and a researcher operating the tracer release apparatus presented 8-9 thermal plumes. Experiments were conducted under conditions of no forced air and neutral, cooled, or heated air supplied at 980-1100 cmh, and with/out 20% outdoor air. CO2 was released at the head of one manikin in each experiment to simulate small (<5 µm diameter) respiratory aerosols. The metric of exposure relative to perfectly mixed (ERM) is introduced to quantify impacts, based on measurements at manikin heads and at three heights in the center and corners of the room. Chilled or neutral supply air provided good mixing with ERMs close to one. Thermal stratification during heating produced higher ERMs at most manikins: 25% were ≥2.5 and the highest were >5× perfectly mixed conditions. Operation of two within-zone air cleaners together moving ≥400 cmh vertically in the room provided enough mixing to mitigate elevated exposure variations.